A Study on the Role of Urinary Congophilia in Early Detection of Preeclampsia

Introduction?Preeclampsia and eclampsia are important causes of maternal morbidity. Preeclapmtic women secrete misfolded proteins in the urine. Buhimschi et al had developed a new test for diagnosis of preeclampsia. This test is based on staining of misfolded protein with Congo red dye. Misfolded proteins are derived from syncytiotrophoblast microparticles (STBMs). These STBM are membrane bound vesicles and contain misfolded proteins. In preeclampsia, glomeruli of kidneys are disrupted and these damaged protein reach the urine. Aim and Objective?This study aimed to investigate the role of urinary congophilia in early prediction of preeclampsia. Materials and Methods?This test was done in 250 pregnant women attending the Gynaecological Outpatient Department. Urine sample of early morning was taken and test was done in the Department of Biochemistry. The included pregnant women were of gestational age between 14 and 18 weeks. The staining of urine with Congo red dye was done and washed with methanol. The retention of dye was interpreted with naked eye. The more retention of dye, the more chances of developing preeclampsia later. The patients were followed-up till delivery. The patents who developed preeclampsia later part of pregnancy were recorded. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and past history and body mass index were also recorded. Results?Out of 250 patients, 30 developed preeclampsia later. A total of 34 patients were having positive urinary congophilia and only 20 patients developed preeclampsia later. MAP more than 90?mm Hg is abnormal but 66.7% of patients who developed preeclampsia had MAP >90?mm Hg. In 16.7% of patients, who developed preeclampsia later, had positive past history of hypertension. In 66.7% of patients, who were positive for urinary congophilia, later developed preeclampsia. Conclusion?Preeclampsia and eclampsia are important causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. So, early detection can prevent complications and timely management. Urinary congophilia is one of such test which can help in early prediction of preeclampsia. If it is combined with past maternal history and MAP, it gives more good results. The detection rate is much higher if signs and symptoms of preeclampsia are noticed timely.

Impact of coronavirus on pregnant females in India: an observational study

Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) has emerged as a rampant pandemic and the entire world is struggling against it. The entire nations are trying to device measure like national lockdowns, diverting resources towards fighting coronavirus, extensive media coverage, closing of elective services in hospitals. All this has influences the masses to a deep level. Coronavirus not only is morbid for the sick, but also the healthy pregnant females seeking health care and impacted them more mentally than physically.Methods: In this study 103 pregnant females from the entire nation of India were made to answer a well thought and made questionnaire which aimed at assessing the mental state and impact of coronavirus on the pregnant females.Results: Majority of the females answered that they felt anxious and were undergoing stress due to the coronavirus. They fear impending doom for the child and also are struggling a lot to seek apt healthcare for themselves and their children because of the ongoing pandemic.Conclusions: Coronavirus has not only affected people who are directly affected with the virus, but also who are still not affected but are mentally stressed because of it. National lockdown and alteration in the healthcare services are also stress- inducing for the pregnant females.

A rare case report on complete cervical agenesis with vaginal atresia and suspended didelphys uterus with hematometra and left haematosalpinx

Congenital uterine malformations are deviations from normal anatomy resulting due to defective fusion of Mullerian ducts or the paramesonephric ducts in the developing embryo. These anomalies may be isolated or in combination with urological abnormalities. The mean prevalence of female congenital malformations in general population is up to ⁓ 7%. Patients with these anomalies usually present during pubertal age due to absence of onset of menses, cyclical abdominal pain, or in reproductive age group as infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss depending upon the degree of malformation. Cervical agenesis is a rare Mullerian anomaly with an incidence of 1 in 80,000 females. It represents 3% of all uterine anomalies. It is rarely associated with a functioning uterus (4.8%). Cervical agenesis is often associated with vaginal atresia (less than 50%). It is important to classify these anomalies for easy diagnosis and plan appropriate preoperative treatment.

Holt-Oram syndrome: a rare case report.

Holt-Oram syndrome is an inherited disorder that causes abnormalities of the hands, arms and heart. The diagnosis can be established clinically. The diagnostic criteria have been validated with molecular testing. An upper-limb malformation involving the carpal bone(s) and, variably, the radial and/or thenar bones-An abnormal carpal bone, present in all affected individuals and identified by performing a posterior-anterior hand x-ray, may be the only evidence of disease. 24 years unbooked Hindu female G2P1+0 presented in OPD at term. Her USG examination showed-small deformed upper limbs with poorly appreciable upper limb skeleton. Induction of labour was done and patient delivered vaginally a female baby with deformed upper limbs. This case emphasizes the importance of proper history taking (family history), early diagnosis of such anomalies and proper counseling the parents.

A study on body mass index and its correlation with type 2 diabetes.

Obesity and increases in body weight are among the most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Body mass index is also known as obesity index. Body mass index is a strong and independent risk factor for being diagnosed in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a high risk of type 2 diabetes in those who have a higher body mass index. The present study has been done with the objective of finding correlation between BMI and type 2 diabetes.

Malaria Diagnostic Tests: Microscopy And Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Revisited.

In the prevention and control of malaria, Prompt and accurate diagnosis is the key to effective disease management. Giemsa microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the diagnostic tests each with characteristic strengths and limitations is the best way for accurate diagnosis has a key role for malaria control successfully. Reduction in morbidity and drug resistance intensity of malaria require a parasite based diagnostic methods. A parallel commitment is needed in production of antimalarial drug or malaria vaccine along with improvement in diagnostic tests and their availability to people in endemic areas.endemic areas.

Retrospective study of common prevalent risk factors among female patients presented with acute coronary syndrome.

Background and Objective : Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is characterized by classical history of ischaemic chest pain, apprehension and sweating with definite Electro-Cardio gram (ECG) evidence or cardiac marker of ischaemia. The risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are modifiable and non-modifiable. CAD is a major cause of disability and the leading cause of death in women. The objective of our study was to assess the impact of various risk factors in women presented with ACS. Method: A total of 100 female patients of ACS and twenty healthy females were taken as control. The mean age of women presented with ACS was 62.62 years and all have attained menopause. Result: The prevalence of major risk factors of ACS in women are hypertension (78%), stress (74%), obesity (46%), sedentary habits (38%), genetic predisposition (36%), diabetes (32%) and tobacco use (18%),higher socio-economic status (74%). Significantly (P <0.05) high levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides along with reduced High Density Lipid (HDL). Conclusion: The prevalence of C - reactive protein (CRP) Positivity (>6 mg/L) is significant in women with (92%) as compared to healthy women (20%).

Religiosity as Related to Women’s Health.

Background:.A number of well-conducted clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that religiosity can under some circumstances can help prevent depression and anxiety. Thus, given the prevalence and importance of religiosity, it is reasonable to consider the impact of religiosity on mental well-being such that to clarify its position in the existing literature. Aims of the study: The aims of the present study were (i) To examine the relationship between religiosity and anxiety (ii) To examine the relationship between religiosity and depression. Method: The sample of the study consisted of one hundred and fifty women aged 20-30 which were taken from B.H.U., Varanasi. The various measures used were Religiosity scale by Bhusan (1971), State, Trait and Free Floating Anxiety Scale (Hindi version) by Rastogi and Tripathi (1986), Epidemiological Studies Scale (CES-D) by Radloff (1972)along with personal data schedule respectively. This is a correlational study and it employed Mean, S.D, Range,‘t’ test and correlation for the interpretation of the results. Results: The results indicated that mean sores of depression and anxiety were comparatively higher in low level of religiosity as compared with high level of religiosity. Result of the correlation tests also indicated that religiosity is significantly negatively correlated with anxiety and depression. Conclusion: This study confirms the positive links between religiosity and mental health. This shows that high religious women would have good mental health as compared to less religious women.

Prevalence and spectrum of von Willebrand disease in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Context: Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder with a prevalence of ≈ 1% in the general population. Studies available from India are limited, showing a prevalence of ≈ 10% of vWD amongst inherited bleeding disorders. Aims: This study aims to know the prevalence and subtypes of vWD in patients presenting with various bleeding manifestations to university hospital. Settings and Design: We investigated 840 patients presenting with bleeding manifestations in the period from August 2004 to August 2008 for bleeding disorders. Materials and Methods: Tests performed for the diagnosis of vWD included platelet count, bleeding time (BT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Factor VIII:C assay, von Willebrand Factor Antigen assay and Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. Results: Amongst 840 patients, 230 (27.38%) had inherited bleeding disorder. Out of these, 40 (17.39%) patients were identified as vWD. Type 1 in 17 (42.5%), Type 2 in 11 (27.5%) and Type 3 vWD was present in 12 (30.0%) patients. Patients' age ranged from five months to 45 years, with 17 males and 23 females. Positive family history was seen in 12 patients (30%). Muco-cutaneous bleeding was the most common presentation. Menorrhagia was present in 100% women of reproductive age group, and hemarthrosis was seen in two male patients. Conclusions: We felt that Type I vWD with infrequent and mild bleeding episodes remain undiagnosed either because of unawareness of the disease in society or due to paucity of diagnostic facilities available in our country. Therefore, an awareness program along with enhancement of diagnostic facilities for vWD is required in our country to identify these patients for proper management thus avoiding hemorrhagic complications.

Cloning of medicinal plants through tissue culture--a review.

In order to have standardized formulations, the chemical constituents from plants and their parts are required to be uniform both qualitatively and quantitatively. Furthermore, an ever increasing demand of uniform medicinal plants based medicines warrants their mass cloning through plant tissue culture strategy. A good number of medicinal plants have been reported to regenerate in vitro from their various parts, but a critical evaluation of such reports reveals that only a few complete medicinal plants have been regenerated and still fewer have actually been grown in soil, while their micropropagation on a mass scale has rarely been achieved, particularly in those medicinal plants where conventional propagation is inadequate, like, the mass clonal propagation of Dioscorea floribunda leading to its successful field trials. Such facts make it imperative to document the factual position of micropropagation of medicinal plants bringing out the advancements made along with the short falls, in this important area. The present review deals with the futuristic view on the said subject restricted to higher plants.

Changing profile of Vibrio cholerae O1, O139 in Delhi & its periphery (2003-2005).

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Cholera caused by either Vibrio cholerae O1 or O139 is endemic in Delhi and its peripheral areas. The present study was carried out to understand the changing epidemiology of V. cholerae in terms of prevalence of serotypes, antibiogram pattern and phage types. METHODS: A total of 9858 stool samples from the admitted diarrhoea patients were used for the isolation of V. cholerae O1 and O139. Subsets of isolates were tested against thirteen antimicrobials and phage typed. RESULTS: Among 4251 (43.1%) confirmed cases, 41.6 per cent were V. cholerae O1 and rest (1.5 %) V. cholerae O139. Detection of V. cholerae O1 serotype Inaba was 87.7 per cent during 2005 and rest were serotype Ogawa. Majority of cases (93.1%) were from Delhi. Male:Female ratio remained 1.5:1.0. Children below 5 yr age group constituted 32.7 per cent cases. Shift in the age groups and seasonal incidence were recorded. All 226 strains of V. cholerae O1 and O139 were resistant to nalidixic acid; 96 per cent V. cholerae O1 isolates were multidrug resistant (FX NA SXT). Phage type 27 (98.7%) was the most prevalent and the new phage types were 4, 16 and 25 in this area. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Enhanced surveillance helped in bringing down cases from 47.7 per cent in 2003 to 36.8 per cent in 2005. Additionally, the changing epidemiology of V. cholerae O1 and O139 infections and drug resistance need regular monitoring.